Related Products of 1450824-22-2, Chemistry can be defined as the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. You’ll sometimes hear it called the central science because it is the connection between physics and all the other sciences, starting with biology.1450824-22-2, Name is TD 139, molecular formula is C28H30F2N6O8S. In a patent, introducing its new discovery.
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative motor disorder. The neuropathology is characterized by intraneuronal protein aggregates of alpha-synuclein and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra. Previous studies have shown that extracellular alpha-synuclein aggregates can activate microglial cells, induce inflammation and contribute to the neurodegenerative process in PD. However, the signaling pathways involved in alpha-synuclein-mediated microglia activation are poorly understood. Galectin-3 is a member of a carbohydrate-binding protein family involved in cell activation and inflammation. Therefore, we investigated whether galectin-3 is involved in the microglia activation triggered by alpha-synuclein. Results: We cultured microglial (BV2) cells and induced cell activation by addition of exogenous alpha-synuclein monomers or aggregates to the cell culture medium. This treatment induced a significant increase in the levels of proinflammatory mediators including the inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1beta) and Interleukin-12 (IL-12). We then reduced the levels of galectin-3 expression using siRNA or pharmacologically targeting galectin-3 activity using bis-(3-deoxy-3-(3-fluorophenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-sulfane. Both approaches led to a significant reduction in the observed inflammatory response induced by alpha-synuclein. We confirmed these findings using primary microglial cells obtained from wild-type and galectin-3 null mutant mice. Finally, we performed injections of alpha-synuclein in the olfactory bulb of wild type mice and observed that some of the alpha-synuclein was taken up by activated microglia that were immunopositive for galectin-3. Conclusions: We show that alpha-synuclein aggregates induce microglial activation and demonstrate for the first time that galectin-3 plays a significant role in microglia activation induced by alpha-synuclein. These results suggest that genetic down-regulation or pharmacological inhibition of galectin-3 might constitute a novel therapeutic target in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Reference：
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics